There are usual errors when using a LINK Server while also using a Service account on SQL Job. Usual errors are as follows:

1. Access to the Remote Server is Denied Because the Current Security Context is not Trusted
2. EXECUTE AS USER failed for the requested [user] dbo in the [database]
3. After resolving those 2 issue its still failed

Assumptions of your setup:

1. You have created a credential object under Security > Credentials
2. You have created a proxy that is using that credential under SQL Server Agent > Proxies > Operating System (CmdExec)

Here are the steps you need to do:

1. Change database TRUSTWORTY to ON
   
   ALTER DATABASE SQLDB0 SET TRUSTWORTHY ON
GO
   
2. Reapply database owner. This is needed because the SID recorded is now mismatch. c/o Rob Reid on this post.
   
   ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON Database::[database] TO [domain\user]
   
3. Update your SQL Job step to use CmdExec instead of T-SQL
   
   Job Step Properties
   – Type: Operating system (CmdExec)
   – Run as: Your service account credentials using a proxy
   – Command
   SQLCMD -I -b -S $(ESCAPE_DQUOTE(SRVR)) -d DatabaseName -Q"EXEC usp_YourStoredProcedure"